Nutrition during cancer treatmentVienaMed
Food during oncological treatment: how the body can support
Oncological treatment is a demanding period for the body, both physically and emotionally. At this stage, nutrition can play an important role in maintaining energy, supporting the immune system, managing side effects and improving quality of life.
It is important to understand that there is no universal „anticancer diet.” Each patient has different needs, depending on the diagnosis, type of treatment, weight, general condition, analyses and possible side effects. Therefore, the diet should be adapted individually, preferably with the support of the medical team.
Why is nutrition important during oncological treatment?
During chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or after surgery, the body may need more energy and quality nutrients. A proper diet can help maintain muscle mass, recover and reduce the risk of malnutrition. National Cancer Institute stresses that the diet of oncological patients may differ from what we normally consider as „healthy diet ‘, since during treatment the primary objective may be to maintain sufficient weight, strength and nutritional intake.
Loss of appetite, nausea, changes in taste, difficulty swallowing, fatigue and weight loss can all affect how well you eat. In these situations, dietary advice should be tailored to you.
What foods are recommended?
A balanced diet during treatment should include, as far as possible, various and tolerable foods. Vegetables and fresh fruits bring vitamins, minerals and fibres. Proteins are essential for maintaining muscle mass and for the recovery process. Good sources of protein can be fish, white meat, eggs, dairy, legumes, nuts and seeds.
The American Cancer Society recommends patients being treated to pay attention to foods rich in protein and calories when there is a risk of weight loss or insufficient food intake.
Hydration is also very important. Generally, fluid consumption should be adapted to each patient, but water, unsweetened teas, soups or other liquids recommended by the doctor can help maintain a good balance of the body.
What should be limited?
During oncological treatment it is recommended to avoid food excesses and products of low nutritional value. Frequent use of fast- food, ultra-processed foods, excess sugar and alcohol may affect the general state and may make it difficult to maintain a balanced diet.
No complete elimination of some food groups is required without medical recommendation. Very restrictive diets can lead to weight loss, muscle mass loss and nutritional deficits.
The role of vitamin D and medical tests
Vitamin D may be important for bone health, immunity and general condition. During treatment, vitamin D levels should be checked by analysis, and supplementation should only be done upon medical advice.
Self-administration of supplements is not always safe, especially during oncological treatment, as some supplements may interact with the therapies followed.
Physical activity, adapted to each patient
Easy movement, when permitted by the doctor, can be important support. Physical activity adapted to the patient’s condition can help reduce fatigue, maintain muscle mass, improve circulation and support recovery. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer mention that physical activity in oncological patients is associated with maintaining or improving physical capacity, muscle strength and quality of life.
Even short walks can be useful if the patient’s condition allows it. The important thing is that the effort is adapted and discussed with the medical team.
Conclusion
Nutrition is an important part of care during cancer treatment. A strict diet is rarely the aim. Balanced meals, enough fluids, quality protein, activity suited to your abilities and medical monitoring can help your body cope with treatment.
For personalised advice, it is important that each patient talks to the treating doctor or a healthcare provider.
On VienaMed you can also read about the role of fats in the body.
Disclaimer: This article is intended for information purposes and does not replace the medical consultation. For personalised recommendations on nutrition during oncology treatment, investigations or treatment options, address a specialist doctor.